Trump, the Republican nominee for president, had previously been scheduled to be sentenced on September 18.
His lawyers in August asked Justice Juan Merchan to push back his sentencing date until after the vote, citing "naked election-interference objectives." Manhattan District Attorney Alvin Bragg, who brought the charges against Trump, is a Democrat.
Stormy Daniels testified former US president Donald Trump paid her off during his 2016 campaign. (EPA PHOTO)
Merchan said on Friday he now planned to sentence Trump on November 26, unless the case is dismissed before then.
"The imposition of sentence will be adjourned to avoid any appearance - however unwarranted - that the proceeding has been affected by or seeks to affect the approaching presidential election in which the defendant is a candidate," the judge wrote.
"The court is a fair, impartial and apolitical institution."
Trump campaign spokesperson Steven Cheung said after the ruling that the case should be dismissed altogether.
"There should be no sentencing in the Manhattan DA's Election Interference Witch Hunt," Cheung said in a statement.
Trump's lawyers also argued there would not be enough time before the sentencing for the defence to potentially appeal Merchan's forthcoming ruling on Trump's request to overturn the conviction due to the US Supreme Court's landmark decision on presidential immunity.
Merchan had been scheduled to rule on that motion on September 16. He wrote on Friday he now plans to rule on that motion on November 12.
In the first-ever criminal trial of a former or current US president, Trump was convicted on May 30 of falsifying business records to cover up his then-lawyer's $US130,000 ($A192,931) payment to porn star Stormy Daniels for her silence before the 2016 election about a sexual encounter she says she had with Trump a decade earlier.
Trump denies the encounter and has vowed to appeal the verdict once he is sentenced.
The Supreme Court's 6-3 ruling, which related to a separate criminal case Trump faces, found that presidents cannot be criminally prosecuted for their official acts, and that evidence of presidents' official actions cannot be used to help prove criminal cases involving unofficial actions.
The United States is preparing to go to the polls on November 5. (AP PHOTO)
Prosecutors with Bragg's office argued their case involved Trump's personal conduct, not official acts, so there was no reason to overturn the verdict.
But they took no position on Trump's request to delay sentencing, saying in an August 16 filing they deferred to Merchan on the question. The prosecutors said an appellate court could delay the sentencing anyway to give itself time to consider Trump's arguments, a move they said would be "disruptive."
Bragg's team also said Trump's court appearances required significant security and logistical planning and said there was a risk preparations could be made for his sentencing only to be called off. Trump's six-week trial brought a heavy police presence to lower Manhattan.
Falsifying business records is punishable by up to four years in prison, though punishments such as fines or probation are more common for others convicted of that crime in the past.
If Trump wins the White House, he could potentially order the Department of Justice to drop federal election interference charges against him. He would not have the authority to end the New York state case or an election interference case in Georgia.
