Japan is one of the first countries to formally kick off negotiations, an early test of Washington's willingness to cede ground on the duties that have roiled financial markets and stoked fear of recession.
"A Great Honor to have just met with the Japanese Delegation on Trade. Big Progress!" Trump said on Wednesday in a social media message that contained no details of the discussions.
Opposite Trump for Wednesday's talks was Ryosei Akazawa, an ally of Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba who only took up his first cabinet post late last year in the relatively junior position of economic revitalisation minister.
Tokyo had not expected Trump to participate in what it viewed as a preliminary fact-finding mission, according to sources familiar with Tokyo's planning, and had been hoping to limit the scope of discussions to trade and investment matters.
Speaking to reporters after the talks, Akazawa gave little away about the details of the discussions but said the parties had agreed to hold a second meeting later this month and that Trump had said getting a deal with Japan was a "top priority".
The issue of exchange rates, which Trump had previously accused Japan of manipulating to get a trade advantage, was not part of the discussion, he said.
Trump earlier on Wednesday said he would also discuss the issue of how much Tokyo pays towards hosting US troops in Japan, the biggest US overseas deployment.
Akazawa said he would not comment on the specifics of the negotiations but added that he strongly requested a revocation of the tariffs on Japan.
Japan has been hit with 24 per cent levies on its exports to the United States although these rates have, like most of Trump's tariffs, been paused for 90 days. But a 10 per cent universal rate remains in place as does a 25 per cent duty for cars, a mainstay of Japan's export-reliant economy.
Bessent has said there is a "first mover advantage" given Washington has said more than 75 countries have requested talks since Trump announced sweeping duties on dozens of countries - both friend and foe - earlier this month.
However, Ishiba on Monday said his country, a close US ally, won't rush to reach a deal and does not plan to make big concessions. Akazawa said he believed Washington wanted to strike a deal in the 90-day window.
Trump has long complained about the US trade deficit with Japan and other countries, saying American businesses have been disadvantaged by trade practices and intentional efforts by other countries to maintain weak currencies.
Tokyo denies it manipulates its yen currency to gain advantage.
Japan hopes that pledges to expand investment in the US will help to convince the US that the two countries can achieve a "win-win" situation without tariffs, Akazawa said ahead of his departure.
