The pilot had injuries to his eyes but his life was not in any danger, said a doctor at Kathmandu Medical College Hospital, where the pilot was being treated.
The Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal said the Saurya Airlines domestic plane, which was scheduled to head to the resort town of Pokhara, took off at 11.11am on Wednesday from Kathmandu airport and turned right but crashed moments later in the eastern section of the airport.
It is monsoon rain season in Kathmandu but was not raining at the time of the crash.
It was not clear how the Saurya Airlines flight slipped during take-off. (AP PHOTO)
Visibility was low across the capital, however.
The Kathmandu airport, the main airport serving Nepal, is located inside a valley surrounded by mountains on most sides.
It is considered a challenging airport for pilots and bigger planes have to come through an opening on the mountain to land.
The bodies have been taken to the TU Teaching Hospital in Kathmandu for autopsy.
The airline manifest showed there were two pilots and 17 passengers on board.
The crew and 16 passengers were Nepali nationals and one passenger was identified as a Yemeni national.
Crews brought a fire under control following the crash at Tribhuvan International Airport. (AP PHOTO)
Tribhuvan International Airport, the main airport in Nepal for international and domestic flights, has been closed as emergency crew and investigators began their work.
Saurya Airlines operates the Bombardier CRJ 200 on domestic routes.
In 2019, a Bangladeshi airliner crashed at Tribhuvan airport, killing 51 people while 20 on board survived.
An investigation confirmed the plane was misaligned with the runway and its pilot was disoriented and tried to land in "sheer desperation" when the plane crashed.
In 2015, a Turkish Airlines jet landing in dense fog skidded off a slippery runway at the airport.
The plane was carrying 238 people but there were no serious injuries.
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