The survey results from 2021, showed 36 per cent of women at the Australian Defence Force Academy had experienced sexual misconduct.
Six per cent of women said they had been sexually assaulted or been subjected to an attempted assault, against zero per cent among men.
More than 60 per cent of females had experienced unacceptable behaviour, but 43 per cent took no action.
The most common reasons cited for the recruits included "the behaviour is accepted around here" and "it was easier to just keep quiet".
The survey results were tabled in the Royal Commission into Defence and Veteran Suicide and raised in a Senate estimates hearing on Thursday.
Greens Senator David Shoebridge pressed Defence leadership on whether the ADF's culture was putting off women.
In response, Chief of the Defence Force General Angus Campbell said it may be a consideration for female applicants and their families among a range of other factors.
A previous hearing had been told Defence was set to achieve just 57 per cent of its recruitment target this year.
Senator Shoebridge grilled Defence officials over the military justice system, which was rarely kicking out people convicted of serious offences.
The hearing was told an analysis of outcomes showed cases of indecent assaults or theft were punished with small fines or reductions of rank.
Senator Shoebridge said that when offenders left the military their records were "completely wiped" after they transitioned to civilian life.
He asked why criminal records were not being transferred over to civilian courts.
"They carry with them no record of the criminal convictions, and therefore, if they're brought before a criminal court outside of the military, they're treated as a first time offender," Senator Shoebridge said.
General Campbell said he was aware of the issue, but had not raised it with Defence Minister Richard Marles.
"The military justice system is independent of command ... I have not done anything because it is not within my purview to do something," he said.
