A higher proportion of those taken ill between late June and the beginning of November last year required ventilation and, ultimately, a higher percentage of them died.
The in-hospital mortality study was undertaken by Monash University in conjunction with the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society.
Demographic and clinical features were compared along with management of and outcomes for ICU virus patients during all three pandemic waves.
Data was collected from 78 hospitals and 2493 patients admitted to 59 intensive care units in total.
Some 214, or nine per cent, entered care during early 2020. A further 296, or 12 per cent, were admitted between July 2020 and late June last year and 1983, or 80 per cent, during the third wave between then and November.
The proportion without co-existing illnesses was largest during the third wave at 41 per cent, compared to 32 per cent for the first and 29 per cent for the second.
Similarly, more than 19 per cent of total ICU beds were taken up by COVID patients during the third wave, while less than three per cent were during the first and just under five per cent during the second.
Ventilation was also most used during the final wave.
Thirty patients (14 per cent), died in hospital during the first wave, 35 (12 per cent) in the second and 281 (17 per cent) during the third.
"After adjusting for age, illness severity, and other co-variates, the risk of in-hospital mortality was similar for the first and second waves but 9.60 percentage points higher during the third than the first wave," the researchers concluded.
As the Delta variant was more virulent than earlier strains and therefore more likely to require intensive care, they suggested this was one explanation for their findings.
"It was also more transmissible and more likely to cause serious disease in younger people than previous strains that had been greater threats for people over 60 years of age," study leader Husna Begum said.
"We found the median age of patients declined across the three waves, as did the proportion with multiple other medical conditions.
"The findings reinforce the need to provide adequate resources and support for ICUs, particularly during times of unusually high demand," Dr Begum said.
Almost 50,000 new COVID-19 cases and 82 deaths were recorded across Australia at the weekend.
LATEST 24-HOUR COVID-19 DATA:
NSW: 6862 cases, 11 deaths, 1507 in hospital, 55 in ICU
Victoria: 6305 cases, one death, 459 in hospital, 26 in ICU
Queensland: 3260 cases, no deaths, 542 in hospital, eight in ICU
Tasmania: 798 cases, no deaths, 45 in hospital, three in ICU
Northern Territory: 209 cases, no deaths, 17 in hospital with one in ICU
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