An emotional Mr Robinson announced he would retire at the October 2024 poll after five terms in the seat formerly named Cleveland.
"By the time I complete this term, I feel I have run my best race. I've run it strongly. I've given it my all and I've achieved much of what I set out to do when I started in 2009," he told parliament on Friday.
"I want to run other races outside the political sphere and to be honest things that have been on hold and on my heart."
Mr Robinson, 60, said his family needs were also changing, including having four grandchildren and he and his wife caring for their elderly mothers.
"My wife and adult-aged children would like to see a bit more of me too," he said.
Mr Robinson said he hoped a local woman would become the next and first female member for his seat based in Redland, southeast of Brisbane.
He said announcing his intentions allowed plenty of time to have the best local LNP candidate out in the field "who can hit the ground running".
Former Liberal senator and Morrison government minister Amanda Stoker has moved to the electorate and is considering a tilt at state parliament.
The Sky News host served as a senator from 2018 until losing her seat after being relegated to third spot on the LNP ticket in the 2022 election.
Ms Stoker this week accused Victorian Liberal senator David Van of inappropriately touching her in 2020.
Mr Robinson was first elected in 2009 and was an opposition spokesman for various portfolios including main roads and fisheries before becoming deputy Speaker when the Campbell Newman-led LNP came to power in 2012.
Comment was being sought from Ms Stoker.
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