The Freshwater Strategy Poll, conducted for the Australian Financial Review, found almost half of those surveyed had an unfavourable view of the Queensland premier.
Ms Palaszczuk was edged out as preferred premier by Opposition Leader David Crisafulli in the poll of 1065 voters, which found Labor's primary vote had fallen to 34 per cent.
A defiant premier maintained she was the right person to lead the ALP to another election victory in Queensland.
"I love my job," Ms Palaszczuk said on Wednesday.
"I love working for the people of this state.
"I'm not going to listen to a poll that's mainly made up of LNP operatives."
The poll is the second to reveal a dip in the premier's popularity after a YouGov survey in April.
"Look, honestly, there's only one poll that counts - that's election day," she said.
"We were the underdogs going into the last election and we'll probably be the underdogs going into the next election."
The Freshwater poll showed the Liberal National Party's primary vote has risen to 40 per cent.
The LNP was ahead of Labor by 52 per cent to 48 per cent on a two-party-preferred basis 16 months from the state election.
Those figures would deliver an extra 13 seats and victory to the LNP if replicated at an election, ending Labor's dominance in governments on mainland Australia.
The poll showed 47 per cent of voters had an unfavourable view of the premier, while 39 per cent had a favourable view.
Ms Palaszczuk was a fraction behind as preferred premier at 44 per cent to Mr Crisaulli's 45 per cent.
"It's up to the people of Queensland and they will make the decision in October next year," the premier said.
The opposition leader continues to suffer from a lack of recognition among voters.
Some 39 per cent of those surveyed said they had not heard of Mr Crisafulli, while 27 per cent viewed him favourably.
The LNP leader said Queenslanders had lost trust in the Palaszczuk government and polling numbers were not relevant.
"It's not my focus," he said.
"Forty-three per cent ambulance ramping, 17 per cent repeat young offenders, 50,000 people waiting for a social house - they are the only numbers Queenslanders want me talking about.
"I have to maintain focus on the things that matter to Queenslanders and right now, there are all manner of crises that need to be solved - health, housing, youth crime, cost of living.
"They're the only numbers that Queenslanders want us to focus on, and nothing changes."
Two-thirds of Queensland voters believed the cost of living was Queensland's main issue, followed by housing at 57 per cent, crime at 54 per cent and health at 29 per cent.
The poll found 46 per cent of voters believed Queensland was headed in the wrong direction, with 36 per cent saying it was going in the right direction.
