The couple were married in Adelaide on Saturday in a ceremony attended by Prime Minister Anthony Albanese and senior ministers.
The couple's two daughters - Alexandra, 11, and Hannah, 8 - were reportedly flower girls at the wedding.
View this post on Instagram A post shared by Penny Wong (@senatorpennywong)
"We are delighted that so many of our family and friends could share this special day with us," Senator Wong posted to Instagram on Sunday.
Parliamentary colleague Michelle Rowland was among those to congratulate the couple.
"You both look absolutely gorgeous," she said.
Penny Wong and partner Sophie Allouache (left) with daughter Alexandra and Julia Gillard in 2012. (David Mariuz/AAP PHOTOS)
Entering federal parliament in 2002, Senator Wong recently made history as Australia's longest-serving female cabinet minister.
She initially toed the Labor line by publicly opposing same-sex marriage before becoming one of its loudest and most ardent advocates.
Penny Wong with her daughter Alexandra Wong in March, 2021. (Morgan Sette/AAP PHOTOS)
During the parliamentary debate in 2017 to expand marriage to same-sex couples like hers, the senator paid tribute to her partner Sophie and their daughters.
"This is the most personal of debates because it is about the people who matter most to us," she said.