The termination of contracts between hospital operator Healthscope and the funds will affect patients at 38 private hospitals, who could be forced to pay greater out-of-pocket costs to access care despite their insurance.
Customers with Bupa, Australia's second-largest health insurer, and others in the Australian Health Services Alliance will be impacted.
The axing of various contracts would take place in February and March, Healthscope announced on Friday.
The company blamed insurer greed, adding it had terminated the contracts due to the firms' "refusal to acknowledge the viability crisis impacting private hospitals by addressing Healthscope's funding concerns".
Healthscope chief executive Greg Horan said the operator was committed to providing the best possible care.
"But we can only do this if we are adequately funded," he said.
"In order for us to remain viable, we are left with no choice but to terminate the contracts.
Bupa chief executive Nick Stone said the insurer was shocked and deeply disappointed.
"They appear to be disregarding the interests of our shared patients and customers by seeking to impact their access to healthcare," he said.
Bupa considered Healthscope's claims against the insurers unfounded, he added.
Brett Heffernan, from peak body Australian Private Hospitals Association, said the system was "out of whack" with insurers making record profits while about 20 private hospitals had closed in recent years.
"Without a mechanism that ties premium increases to payments for care in private hospitals, any premium increase next year is just lining insurance company coffers," he said.
"If there is nothing compelling insurers to meet the true costs of care, the experience is they simply won't do it."
Insurer lobby Private Healthcare Australia said the hospital operator would end up charging patients to increase its profits.
"If Healthscope was serious about delivering patient care to Australians in a cost-of-living crisis, it would negotiate an affordable and sustainable outcome, rather than throwing its toys out of the cot," chief executive Rachel David said.
Opinions differ over how much it could cost patients.
Healthscope said Bupa and alliance fund members could pay "potentially in the hundreds of dollars or more", while Dr David said patients might face increases in the thousands.
NSW Treasurer Daniel Mookhey previously accused some funds of "robbing" the state's system to the tune of $140 million a year by contributing significantly less than the average daily cost of a public hospital beds used by private patients.
Legislation passed in October to make insurers pay "correct" room rates, budgeted to boost the state's coffers by $490 million over four years.
Data from the national health regulator showed Australians paid $27.3 billion in premiums and made $22.6 billion in claims in 2023.
The average fund recorded a net margin after management expenses of 6.6 per cent.
Healthscope operates 13 hospitals in NSW, 10 in Victoria, five in Queensland, four in South Australia and one in each of the other states and territories.
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