Mr Albanese met with his Japanese counterpart Fumio Kishida and US vice president Kamala Harris in Tokyo on Tuesday ahead of attending the state funeral for Shinzo Abe.
Mr Abe was integral to establishing the Quad security dialogue, involving Australia, the US, Japan and India.
Speaking at the start of a bilateral meeting with Mr Kishida, Mr Albanese said the two nations were working towards a free and open Indo-Pacific.
"(It) is so important we continue to work together and to work with our partners as well to advance the common interest," he said.
Mr Albanese offered his condolences for the death of Mr Abe, saying there was a high-level attendance from Australia "to pay our respects ...to not just his family but to the people of Japan".
At the meeting with the vice president, Mr Albanese thanked the US for its interest in, and support for, the region.
"We live in uncertain times, there is strategic competition. It is something we are very conscious of in the Pacific," he said.
Ms Harris pledged to work towards the "combined goal of peace and security in the Indo-Pacific".
She also lauded Australia's new emissions reduction target, saying Mr Albanese "received admiration" for his climate goals.
The US recently passed the Inflation Reduction Act, providing hundreds of billions of dollars for climate action.
"We believe the combination of the two will accelerate the work our two nations can do," she told the prime minister.
With Mr Albanese in Tokyo were former prime ministers John Howard, Tony Abbott and Malcolm Turnbull, who wanted to pay tribute to Mr Abe, who was assassinated in July.
Papua New Guinea Prime Minister James Marape also travelled with Mr Albanese.
"We are here to celebrate the life of Shinzo Abe. The tragic circumstances of this assassination is something which reverberated around the world," Mr Albanese said.
"I'm here with three former prime ministers. What that says is how important the relationship between Australia and Japan is but it also says how important the respect is and the standing Shinzo Abe had."
Mr Abe was Japan's longest-serving prime minister, from 2006 to 2007 and 2012 to 2020.
The ceremony at Nippon Budokan Hall in central Tokyo - attended by more than 4300 foreign dignitaries and other guests - began with his widow Akie carrying in an urn containing his ashes.
A moment of silence was followed by a retrospective of Mr Abe's political life and a 19-gun salute.
Protesters gathered in Tokyo to express their anger at the $17.7 million cost of the state funeral - the first such event since 1967.
with Reuters
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