Barcelona got their first goal in five visits to Getafe thanks to Jules Kounde in the 10th minute, but Getafe equalised and clamped down to get a fourth consecutive draw at their stadium against the Spanish powerhouses.
The last time Barcelona won at Coliseum Stadium was in 2019.
Real Madrid will aim to take advantage of the slips by their title rivals when they host Las Palmas on Sunday (Monday AEDT).
Atletico's 15-win streak ended in a 1-0 loss to Leganes, their first loss since October 27. Atletico remained one point ahead of Madrid, with Barcelona five points behind the front-runners.
Leganes defender Matija Nastasic (third right) scored the match-winner against Atletico Madrid. (EPA PHOTO)
Barcelona were coming off huge wins: a 5-2 thrashing of Madrid in the Spanish Super Cup final, and a 5-1 win over Real Betis in the Copa del Rey.
But Jose Bordalas's Getafe side, with their physical, defensive style, once again frustrated Barcelona in Hansi Flick's first visit as coach.
"This was another exercise in survival," Bordalas said. "Taking a point today is like getting a win."
Kounde put Barcelona ahead when Pedri threaded a pass to meet the right back's move into the area. Goalkeeper David Soría blocked his first effort, but Kounde scrambled the rebound out of Soría's grasp and over the line.
Getafe levelled in the 34th minute during a defensive letdown by the visitors. Mauro Arambarri put in a loose ball after Inaki Pena made a one-handed save off a volley by Coba de Costa.
"We controlled the game, but they scored on the one chance they had, it is too bad," Kounde said.
Griezmann had a chance to at least snatch a point for the league leaders after a video review awarded Atletico a 90th-minute penalty for a handball by defender Sergio Gonzalez. However, the French forward stroked his spot kick wide.
Griezmann and Julian Alvarez hit the woodwork in the first half, but the leaders couldn't respond after Leganes defender Matija Nastasic scored with a 49th-minute header.
Last week, Atletico broke their own record of 13 consecutive victories from 2012-13.
Leganes returned to the first division this season and have become giant-slayers in the top flight. The modest club from Madrid stunned Barcelona when they were leaders in December.
Their win over Atletico lifted them into 15th place.
Atletico are trying to win their third league under Diego Simeone after titles in 2014 and 2021.
"We had 15 wonderful games, a record in the history of this club. It was a great run that benefited us in the league, Copa del Rey and Champions League," Simeone said.
Atletico defenders Javi Galan and Clement Lenglet received their fifth yellow cards of the season and will miss the next round against Villarreal.
In other action, Alaves striker Kike Garcia scored a hat-trick to lead a 3-1 win at 10-man Real Betis.
The 35-year-old Garcia earned a penalty after being fouled by Marc Bartra and opened the scoring in the 11th minute.
After Betis lost Romain Perraud to a red card for a dangerous foul in the 55th, Garcia spun before firing home in the 80th, then thumped in a header for his treble.
Dodi Lukebakio starred again for Sevilla after scoring a solo effort in the 89th minute to complete a 2-1 comeback at Girona.
The Belgium forward notched his team-leading ninth goal of the season after he nutmegged Ladislav Krejci, before slotting the late winner past goalkeeper Paulo Gazzaniga, who had saved a first-half penalty by Isaac Romero.
