Root was the top run-scorer in the world in 2024, with 1,556 at an average of 55.57, while fellow Yorkshireman Brook hit 1,100 including the only triple century of the year.
But both men found themselves eclipsed by India seamer Bumrah in the International Cricket Council annual awards, having claimed a remarkable 71 wickets at 14.92 in just 13 appearances.
England newcomer Gus Atkinson was his closest competition with 52 scalps.
"Test cricket has always been a format I hold close to my heart, and to be recognised on this platform is truly special," Bumrah said in a statement.
"This award is not just a reflection of my individual efforts but also of the unwavering support of my team-mates, coaches, and fans who continue to believe and inspire me every day.
"Representing India is a privilege I deeply cherish, and knowing my efforts bring smiles to people around the world makes this journey even more special."
Smriti Mandhana made it a double success for India as she was voted women's ODI cricketer of the year, beating Australia's Annabel Sutherland, South Africa's Laura Wolvaardt and Sri Lanka's Chamari Athapaththu.
Afghanistan all-rounder Azmatullah Omarzai is the new men's ODI cricketer of the year.
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