Emergency services were called to a residence on Chestnut Place about 4.20pm on Monday at The Gap in Brisbane's northwest, Queensland Police said.
They said they found the local woman with a fatal stab wound and she was declared dead at the scene.
"A crime scene was declared and investigations commenced," police said.
About two hours later, Australian Federal Police arrested 40-year-old Victorian man Alexander Clive Webb at Brisbane Airport.
Investigators say the two people knew each other, with the man charged with murder (domestic violence offence).
Webb was not in Brisbane Magistrates Court on Tuesday when his case was briefly mentioned.
Defence solicitor Rachael Jackson told Magistrate Julian Noud that her client was not required to appear and sought an adjournment to April 14.
Mr Noud asked Ms Jackson if she needed more time.
"I'm just wondering whether I should go out further," he said.
The police prosecutor did not oppose adjourning the case for extra time.
Mr Noud adjourned the matter to April 22 in Brisbane Magistrates Court and remanded Webb in custody, noting there had been no application for bail.
Defendants charged with murder in Queensland must apply for bail in the Supreme Court.
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