England ended in second place, their highest finish since they were the 2020 champions.
The English were a point behind France - who beat Scotland 35-16 in the finale in Paris - and a point ahead of defending two-time champions Ireland.
"We did our job," England captain Maro Itoje said.
England exited the tournament on a high with four wins from five - including over France - and their status as a leading rugby power restored after some tough narrow losses for coach Steve Borthwick last year.
Wales' biggest ever loss in Cardiff began with a third-minute score for Itoje, one of five tries in the first half for the visitors as Tom Roebuck, Tommy Freeman, replacement Chandler Cunningham-South and Will Stuart also went over.
Freeman scored a try in each game in this Six Nations, a first for an English player.
Tries by Alex Mitchell, replacements Henry Pollock (twice) and Joe Heyes, then Cunningham-South again completed the rout and a record margin of victory by England over Wales. Pollock's tries came on his debut.
"Even when results weren't going our way, and there was outside noise, we kept on being consistent. The challenge for our team is to continue to grow, continue to get better," Itoje said.
Wales' only response was two tries by centre Ben Thomas, one in each half.
It was another humiliating match for a proud rugby nation whose last win came way back in October 2023.
They finished outright last for the second straight season for the first time in the tournament's 142-year history.
Seventeen straight defeats is a record losing run for a tier-one nation in the professional era and equals Scotland's run from 1951-55. They are only one behind France's losing streak from 1911-20.
The Welsh have lost all of their matches for two straight campaigns and are in a dark place as they continue their search for a full-time coach to replace Warren Gatland, who left mid-tournament. Cardiff coach Matt Sherratt took over for the final three rounds.
Of the other records to tumble, this was the most points Wales have conceded in Cardiff, and the country's heaviest Six Nations loss.
"It's tough - all the boys are gutted, but you can't knock the boys, the commitment, the effort in training, how hard we've worked," Wales co-captain Jac Morgan said. "It'll come hopefully.''
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